高分作文应具备哪些要素

今天给各位分享高分作文应具备哪些要素的知识，其中也会对高分作文应具备哪些要素进行解释，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，别忘了关注本站，现在开始吧！

本文导读目录：

1、雅思大高分作文互联网

2、高分作文应具备哪些要素

3、高分作文网

4、高分作文贵在以“文”出彩

　　雅思大高分作文互联网（精选34篇） 　　在生活、工作和学习中，大家都经常接触到作文吧，作文根据体裁的不同可以分为记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。你知道作文怎样写才规范吗？下面是小编帮大家整理的雅思大高分作文互联网，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。 　　The Internet has dramatically altered our lives over the past few decades. Although some of these changes have been negative, the overall effect of this technology has been positive. What are your opinions on this? 　　The Internet has brought significant changes to our lives in recent years. However, there remains some disagreement as to whether the overall effect of this technology has been positive or negative. While there are certainly valid arguments to the contrary, I personally believe that the benefits of the Internet far outweigh its drawbacks and these benefits are twofold. 　　First of all, it is an indisputable fact that the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. Despite the risk of social isolation-a problem occasionally seen in people who spend too much time at their computer terminal rather than relating to people in the real world-most of us have benefited greatly from e-mails and Internet chat programs like MSN Messenger. These incredibly useful and powerful tools of communication facilitate both contact with loved ones in faraway places and global trade. 　　The technology revolution is upon us. In the past, there have been many triumphs in the world of technology. To this date, people are able to municate over thousands of miles with the greatest of ease. The Internet connects nearly 400 million users worldwide and is an essential part of how we work, play, municate, and conduct merce. We use the Internet in ways that seemed unimaginable in the past. 　　Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 　　”I love reading. I read about 3 hours aday. My favorite book is Facebook.” 　　*Facebook is the name of a social networking website. 　　The Internet and Our Life. 　　We know the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Internet, we can get as much information as we can. We can send e-mails to our friends and talk to them as well. Besides, on the Internet we can read books, enjoy music and watch ball games. We can also doshopping without leaving our homes. But many students spend too much time playing Internet games. 　　They waste a lot of time. We must make good use of the Internet. 　　Today , I’ll talk about going online.The Internet can make our lives interesting and enjoyable. We can learn English . It can make us clever in playing computer games. We can chatonline with our friends. But some students spend too much time in playing computer games and some stay in the net bars all day and all night. I think we mustn’t go online when it is time for us to study. 　　As can be seen from the cartoon, an individual is using a mouse which is connected with a computer by the iron chain 　　The vivid cartoon is based on the social reality Some classmates of mine spend much time playing computer games, chatting online and watching movies through Internet 　　It is imperative for us to solve this severe issue For another, we should encourage every citizen to communicate face to face instead of being fascinated with Internet. 　　The following aspects could best illustrate the advantages of Internet. Netsurfers (网上冲浪者) in different countries can share interesting knowledge and the latest information. Besides, Internet has provided a major opportunity to buy and sell merchandise (商品). What is more, people may get medical help or even vote on Internet. Its advantages seem countless. 　　Behind all this glowing talk, however, are some problems. Internet makes people passive by stop. 　　Advantages and Disadvantages Of the Internet 　　I think it is not all bad for millde school student to search the Internet.Some students play games on line.I dont agree it at all.It has nothing to do with their study.And it will make them lose the interests of learning.But also it is very nessary for us to search the Internet.In the modern world,using computer and the Internet is an important skill.We can use it to find some information that we need and communicate with our friends,teachers and parents.Sending e-mail and check out some international news are useful for us as well. 　　Nowadays, there are more and more students are addicted to puter games, even middle school students. I read some news before that some college students play puter games and fail in their study. Some students spend too much time in games and totally ignore their study. Their parents ban them playing at home, so they go to the Internet bar. They trick money from parents. Some even steal money from others, which is too serious. Therefore, it’s extremely important for students to stay far from puter games. 　　Talking about Social welfare 　　A fair society must take special care of the poor,the sick,the young and the old ,because they can‘t earn much money like others.But they belong to human being.Their lives must be protected by the society .So the modern society must build a Social Welfare System to help them . 　　The system is different from the one that “recompense is made according to the amoumt of labour expended”.The system ensure everyone must get the lowest base of food,medical service,house,clothes and so on.If a country is more developed ,its Social welfare system must be better . 　　Nowadays, there are more and more students are addicted to computer games, even middle school students. I read some news before that some college students play computer games and fail in their study. Some students spend too much time in games and totally ignore their study. Their parents ban them playing at home, so they go to the Internet bar. They trick money from parents. Some even steal money from others, which is too serious. Therefore, it’s extremely important for students to stay far from computer games. 　　We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping these days. Some students think it s very convenient for us to go shopping on the internet. The shops on Internet ，for example taoabao.com， 360buy.com are open for almost 24 hours a day， so we can buy something we want at any time if we like. What s more， we needn t to wait in a queue. 　　However， some students disagreed with them. We can t see the things while we are shopping. So we are not sure whether they are good or not. Besides， we can t enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends. 　　I think it is not all bad for millde school student to search the Internet. 　　Some students play games on line. 　　I dont agree it at all. 　　It has nothing to do with their study. 　　And it will make them lose the interests of learning. 　　But also it is very nessary for us to search the Internet. 　　In the modern world,using computer and the Internet is an important skill. 　　We can use it to find some information that we need and communicate with our friends,teachers and parents. 　　Sending e-mail and check out some international news are useful for us as well. 　　The Chinese economy will continue its steady development in the tuture 　　this optimistic prediction was based on continuity and stability of macro-economic policy, coming benefits of World TradeOrganization entry, strengthening of tertiary industry, and expected profits from growth markets including housing, travel andculture. 　　other factors driving steady growth of the economy in the long run include globalization of the economy, urbanization, the combination of industrialization with development of the information industry, and the growing 　　With the widespread of computer, more and more people tend to use Internet to get information and learn knowledge, especially, many educational agent use online class to teacher their students. Many people think it is convenient for students to obtain knowledge by online education and can save students lots of time spending on traveling between home and school. Some people think students can’t focus on studying by online education. In my opinion, we can benefit a lot by online education. 　　My school life is busy and interesting. 　　We usually have four classes in themorning and three in the afternoon. Class begins at eight in the morning and onethirty in the afternoon. We have ten minutes rest between two classes. I oftenhave my lunch at school. After school I have after-school activities. I likeplaying basketball very much so I often play basketball for about an hour withmy friends. In spring and autumn we have sports meeting and sometimes we haveother activities, such as English compation. 　　My school life is so fantastic thatI like it very much. 　　I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in our class about their purpose(s) of getting on the Internet. The girls’ favorite is chatting, but few boys like it. What boys like to do most is playing games and the girls also like them. Both boys and girls like to read news or send e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think it’s the most convenient way to get information or keep in touch with friends. As for studying, the numbers of boys and girls are equal, but altogether only several of them will use the Internet as a tool to study 　　As time goes on,going surfing on the Internet bee more and more popular.It is a new phenomenon and sounds an alarm (for online security ). 　　Network security cover anti- virus , network security and hacker protection . Together with the technology of Access Control , redundant backup recovery and network security , it makes an allround security system . Many panies devote to the information security technology and product research and development , production and sales , providing advanced network security solutions . Firewall just is an effective measure of network security . 　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over/debate about. Undoubtedly, there areboth advantages and disadvantages in the Internet . Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly. And secondly. However, as a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, and the Internet is noexception. The negative aspects of the Internet are also quite apparent. To begin with, In addition,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of the Internet into full play, and reduce thedisadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, We will definitely make a betteruse of the Internet . 　　The rapid development of the Internet inChinahas brought us great convenience in our daily life and work We can get whatever we need on line. 　　中国互联网的快速发展给我们的日常生活和工作带来了很大的'方便。我们可以通过网络给朋友们发送邮件甚至是和他们交谈。我们从网上获取我们想要的任何东西。因此，有些人认为我们可以从互联网上学到我们需要的所有东西。 　　But I do not agree with this opinion, because sometimes I find many students play the computer games, or talk about love affairs through the Net, which makesthem fall behind others in study What’s more, it will do harm to us instead of good if we spend too much time looking at a computer Also you should pay attention to the importance of working together in a class. 　　总之，如果没有老师，你是很难学会的。此外，你应该注意在一个班级共同努力的重要性。因此，我希望每个同学能够正确对待这一伟大的发明并且好好利用它。 　　he Effects of the Internet 　　With the development of the society ,the computer has been caming to more and more families.Of course ,surfing the Internet is a double-edged sword. 　　On the one hand ,the Internet widen our eyes and relax us .we can learn the latest news ,search the information as soon as possible on the Interner .Also ,we can communicate with others ,such as chatting face to face .On the other hand ,surfing on the Internet for a long time and some bad information may do harm to our health . 　　In a word ,we should realize the advantagements and disadvantagemets of the Internet ,and make good us of it to help us make progress and live better ! 　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over/debate about 中心议题. Undoubtedly, there areboth advantages and disadvantages in the Internet . 　　Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, 优点一. And secondly 优点二. However, as a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, and the Internet is noexception. The negative aspects of the Internet are also quite apparent. To begin with, 缺点一. In addition, 缺点二. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of the Internet into full play, and reduce thedisadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, We will definitely make a betteruse of the Internet . 　　Nowadays, Internet is more and more popular among teenagers. Information can reach everywhere easily beacause of the Internet. 　　But as the saying goes, every coins has two sides. Internet also has some bad influences. For example, servering the Internet costs our money and time. We will pay less attention to study. Its bad for our eyes if we servering the Internet for a long time. Also there are some bad information on the Internet. 　　So we should make a good use of Internet! 　　现在网络在青少年之间越来越流行.因为网络信息能够轻易地到达世界的.每个角落. 　　但每件事情都有两面性.网络也有一些坏的影响.比如说：上网浪费我们的时间和金钱 .我们会把更少的精力放在学习上.如果我们长时间上网，这对我们的眼睛有害.而且网上有些不良信息. 　　所以我们要好好使用网络! 　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over/debate about. Undoubtedly, there areboth advantages and disadvantages in the Internet . 　　Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly. And secondly. However, as a popular saying goes, every coin has two sides, and the Internet is noexception. The negative aspects of the Internet are also quite apparent. To begin with, In addition,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of the Internet into full play, and reduce thedisadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, We will definitely make a betteruse of the Internet . 　　I have many hobbies, such as playing computer games, reading comics, going shopping. I also like playing pingpong very much. I have a friend. His name is Nick. He is crazy about playing pingpong, too. If we have free time, we often play pingpong together. 　　One summer holiday, he took me to a sports centre. Then we played pingpong together, but he always lost. 　　He was very angry. He said to me, "I will beat you in a month.""OK. We will have a match at that time."After a month, when I talked to him about it, he answered,"I forgot the thing! I dont want to have a match with you." I was very surprised and angry and said,"Oh, youre a forgetful boy!” 　　The Internet becomes very popular in our life. It brings many advantages, but I think we primary students should keep far from the Internet.Firstly, we should focus on our study, so we can’t spend too much time on the Internet. We can be easily addicted to it. Secondly, there is much harmful information on the Internet. They would do harm to us. Finally, surfing the Internet for too long is harmful to our eyesight. Therefore, primary students should stay far from the Internet. 　　网络在我们的生活中很受欢迎，它带来了许多好处，但是我认为小学生应该远离网络。首先，我们要潜心学习，所以我们不能花太多时间上网。我们很容易就会上瘾的。其次，网络上有很多有害信息，这些信息会对我们造成危害。最后，长时间上网会对危害视力。因此，小学生应该远离网络。 　　Once I was in Beijing, I went shopping in the Front Gate Walking Street, for I wanted to buy some souvenirs for my friends. 　　There were so many things on sale that I didnt know what to buy. Suddenly, I saw two statues which looked so beautiful. I decided to buy them. So I asked the price. “It’s twenty yuan each," said the boss. I tried to make a bargain with him. He refused at first, but when I was going to leave, he stopped me and said," OK, you can have both of them at ten yuan." Therefore, I bought both of them home at last. 　　I was very happy on that day, because it was the first time that I had made a bargain with a businessman so successfully. 　　Computer games are good to our life in some fields~Such as it can help us relax ourselves and maybe wo can have fun in the games!Someone even says they find true themselves in the game,they can be the best in the games!I think computer games are the production in the information time and of course are popular with the youth! But playing more may not be good to us!Someone will spend more time and money in them!Its a waste I think!Its bad for our eyes and some scientits said it can make people be fool~ In a word,playing computer games isnt wrong but wed better contorl ourselves not to lose yourslves!Appropriate game is a pleasure but indulge in it may hurt you. 　　The following aspects could best illustrate the advantages of Internet. Netsurfers (网上冲浪者) in different countries can share interesting knowledge and the latest information. Besides, Internet has provided a major opportunity to buy and sell merchandise (商品). What is more, people may get medical help or even vote on Internet. Its advantages seem countless. 　　以下几个方面能够最好地说明了互联网的优势。不同国家的网上冲浪者可以分享有趣的知识和一些最新的`信息。此外，互联网提供了买卖商品的机会。更甚者，在互联网上人们可能获得医疗帮助，甚至是进行投票。它优点数不胜数。 　　Behind all this glowing talk, however, are some problems. Internet makes people passive by stop. 　　但是，在这一切光辉的背后，存在一些问题。互联网使人们止步了。 　　Social Networks are groups of people who share interests and who interact in a variety of ways via software on websites Social network sites are usually free to join. 　　We define social network sites as web-based services that allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. 　　The Importance of Social Networking: 　　Social networking can help a business gain contacts, clients, and increased public awareness. 　　To make the most of social networking, its important to fully understand the concept of social networking and how it can be applied in ways that will help you grow your business In fact, it is progressing so fast, it is leaving the news media in the dust. 　　Good morning, class ! 　　Today , I’ll talk about getting online. 　　We know that there are too many net-bars(网吧) around us .The Internet can make our lives interesting and enjoyable. Many of us like getting online very much because we can learn how to use the computer and get more information from the Internet. We can learn English . We can read some good newspapers and magazniess. It can make us clever in playing computer games. I can send e-mail to our friends quickly. We can chat(聊天)online with our friends. It can help us get in touch with(取得联系) people from all over the world. But some students spend too much time in playing computer games and some stay in the net bars all day and all night. As a result, they do worse and worse in their lessons and they don’t study well any more. I think we mustn’t go online when it is time for us to study. We can do it in summer or winter holidays. 　　Now many of my classmates like to surf the Internet in their free time.I think Internet can bring us both advantages and disadvantages. 　　(现在，我的很多同学都喜欢在闲暇的时间里上网，我认为网络既给我们带来了好处，又有不好的地方。) 　　For example，if I have some trouble studying， I can surf the internet to find more helpful information. And I can make more friends on it. Some of my classmates say they feel happy when they talk with more friends with many similar hobbies. 　　(例如，如果我在学习上又困难，我就能上网搜索一些有帮助的信息。并且我还能够在网上交到更多的朋友。我有一些同学说，当他们找到了一些拥有相当兴趣的朋友来聊天时，会觉得开心) 　　However, Internet can make some problems at the same time. If you spend too much time on it ,you will becaome lazy and cant put your heart on study. It will be even worse if you feel you cant live without Internet. 　　{然而，网络同时也会造成一些问题。如果你花太多时间在上面，你就会变懒而且不能够专心学习。如果你觉得你的'生活已经离不开它了那就更糟了} 　　So we must be careful when we use the Internet. 　　(所以，当我们在使用网络的时候一定要小心。) 　　Our university have a bad campus security problem I think.There is so much thieve in our campus,one of my schoolmate had already been stolen three bicycle,for more convenience in campus,he cannot help but bought anyother second hand bicycle.they go to the emplacement bridge for second hand bicycle,and the crabman there find more bikes for selling,and then people who lost the bicycle go there for another,then they stolen more, then e into being avicious circle that will never be end. From Joozone..And the dormitory security isn’t enough for more and more student found that they have been stolen valuables when they e back dormitory after class. For does the campus sexurity well,I think it should give more guards around student’s dormitories when students are studying.And I think it also should make another more firmly door for dormitory guard. 　　Wang Xiaogang spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others. As a good/close friend of his， I must do something to help him. 　　First， I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. 　　Secondly， I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health， especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games. And then I‘ll ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course， I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time， I’ll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him， too. If I try these， Im sure he will make great progress soon. 　　【雅思大高分作文互联网】相关文章： 　　雅思高分心得02-17 　　雅思作文高分范文（通用15篇）07-14 　　雅思高分作文必备基本句式03-23 　　雅思写作高分范文（精选21篇）06-30 　　【高分必看】备考雅思写作一定要避免这3大误区09-18 　　雅思听力为什么无法提高分数08-03 　　雅思口语巧夺高分技巧2篇12-26 　　雅思写作优秀高分作文范文（通用20篇）11-22 　　雅思考试写作怎么才能拿到高分08-03 　　高分冲刺之雅思阅读临场经验分享08-30　　高三语文备战高考已进入倒计时阶段，高考作文如何踢好“临门一脚”？笔者认为好的高考作文应做到如下八点。 　　标题新颖。近几年的高考作文，绝大多数为材料作文，需要考生自拟题目，文章标题如果起得切合题意、新颖别致又富有内涵意蕴，对获得高分是很有帮助的。如2022年高考上海卷有关“发问”与“结论”的材料作文，不妨看一下高分考生拟出的文题：《让发问与结论各美其美》《守得一镜明，待以万山开》《发问和结论并行不悖》。2022年高考天津卷作文题，有关“烟火气”引发的思考，优秀考生拟出与众不同的题目有：《人间有味是清欢》《不可辜负的美》《看似寻常却奇崛，成如容易却艰辛》，等。这样的题目，给人“鹤立鸡群”之感，自然能够博得阅卷人的好感与青睐。 　　字数合适。一篇作文拿到手，阅卷老师一般会先大致看一下文章篇幅字数，如果篇幅不达标，那么毫无疑问是要扣分的，达到规定的篇幅字数，是起码要求和底线。 　　高考作文，每篇以超过规定字数80到150字为宜。比如题目要求“不少于800字”，那么考生作文篇幅最好超出80到150字。作文字数没达到要求的，扣分不止“每少50字扣1分”；字数刚达到底线要求的，也会给人一种“挤牙膏、凑字数”的感觉；超出字数底线要求百余字，会给人一种文章内容充实、有血有肉的感觉。当然，作文写得太长也不好，不仅会占用宝贵时间，而且会在视觉上给人塞得过满、没有回旋余地的压迫感，费力不讨好。 　　首尾点题。作文开头应简短、吸引人，如果开头写了半天还没进入正题，那就不妙了。具体来说，文章的首段和尾段最好都点题。点题形式不拘一格，既可以点出完整的主题（或话题、标题），也可以点出主题的关键词，还可以把主题稍作改动但保留其关键词。如果首段较长，那么点题的最佳位置在该段最后一句。因为首句点题有时会让人觉得肤浅，段中点题又不易让阅卷人看到，在末句点题，既有前面的铺垫，又易引人注意，所以是点题的最佳位置。 　　如写2023年上海春季高考作文，有名高分考生在题为《别让自己的思想成为别人的跑马场》的作文中就非常注重点题扣题，文章在论述过程中，就有4处“面对缤纷多彩的事物和世界，别让自己的思想成为别人的跑马场”这样的句子，恰到好处地起到了凸显文章中心论点的作用。 　　结尾有力。文章不要虎头蛇尾，而要凤头豹尾。结尾是老师阅卷时目光快速定位的“点”，最后一段再次点题、总结、升华并且独立成段。如果开头结尾都出彩，那么这篇作文可能在二类文以上了。如果结尾拉拉杂杂写了一堆，没有起到画龙点睛、深化主题的作用，只是为了凑字数，开头又没点题扣题，那么分数肯定就不高了。简明、有力的结尾对一篇文章来说至关重要。 　　结构匀称。看了开头和结尾，通常阅卷老师会把整篇文章通览一眼，看看你的分段情况，如果分段清晰，错落有致（一般6—10段为宜），那你又为自己的文章增加了一些分数。如果文章只有三四段，就显得行文结构上不匀称、不协调，看起来缺乏应有的层次感和美感，甚至中间密密麻麻写了一大堆，这样给人的印象就是条理不太清晰，文章结构安排不得当。一般而言，首段和末段可短些，两三行即可，中间每段可长些，七八行较适当，单个语段尽量不超过150字。首段短利于迅速入题，末段短方便突出主旨。 　　立意积极。高考作文评分标准对“立意”有明确要求，但对“立什么意”却没限定，只是要求考生感情真挚，写出自己独特而真切的体验，亮明正确的观点。所以，作文要以讴歌生活中的真善美、宣扬社会公认的道德准则和价值观念为主基调和主旋律。那种剑走偏锋，通过高考作文宣泄对现实的不满、对教育制度的鄙视、对父母师友的厌恶等不良情绪，或在文中为追求刺激、贪图享乐、逃避责任的行为进行辩护的文章，一定不会得高分，也是应该规避的。 　　主体突出。如果是记叙文，要看一看文章描写是否生动细腻，是不是抓住了人物特点，有没有恰当运用一些修辞手法；如果是议论文，重点要看论点是否鲜明，逻辑是否清晰，有没有正确运用贴切的论证方法，这是决定一篇作文能不能成为一类文的先决条件。比如2022年高考语文全国甲卷，某学生写的题为《传承、发展与创新》一文，主体部分通过自身和同伴的故事，突出了“我们可以独创属于我们自己的新路，站在前人的肩膀上俯瞰世界”这一主题，令人印象深刻，受到阅卷老师的青睐。 　　卷面清爽。俗话说“文如其人”“见字如面”，都说明书写和卷面对文章的重要性。不管考生字写得是否漂亮，最基本的要求是要做到书写清楚，字迹规范，不随意涂改，给人一个好的印象。 　　以上就是整个作文阅卷的主要环节、过程、标准、尺度和赋分点。希望考生能够仔细对照自己的作文，发现不足之处，有针对性地进行训练和改进，让自己的作文经得起涵泳和品味，进而赢得高分。 　　（作者系上海师范大学康城实验学校中学语文高级教师） 　　《中国教育报》2023年04月07日第7版　　[读后感借鉴] 《约翰·克利斯朵夫》读书心得.wps 　　光明给我们经验，读书给我们知识。我们都知道读一本好书是非常重要的，想要在书中获得知识读经典书籍作品就很有必要。在阅读作者的作品过程中，书中的描述让人欲罢不能，此时就可以写一篇读后感来记录下自己的收获和体会，一篇优秀的作品读书笔记是怎么写的呢？以下是小编为大家收集整理的“ 《约翰·克利斯朵夫》读书心得...　　曹丕《典论·论文》“盖文章，经国之大业，不朽之盛事”。作文是衡量一个人语文素养的重要尺度，古今中外凡语文考试，莫不考评作文能力。怎样才能写出一篇文质兼美的考场作文，博得阅卷老师的青睐呢？高分作文都具备哪些特征呢？纵览历年高考高分作文，我们不难发现其中端倪：高分作文贵在以“文”出彩。 　　一、以“文学”出彩，让考场作文气质非凡 　　文学味是古今优秀文章的典型属性，也是最见写作者文学功底的重要层面。文学味的基本特征是形象鲜明、生动机巧、意境逼真、富有审美意蕴和生活理趣。不同文体的文学特征也不尽相同，例如记叙类文章人物刻画的生动传神、情节演进的变幻多姿，议论类文章说理素材的丰富多样、论证思路的逻辑严密，抒情类文章景物描写的栩栩如生、情感传递的细腻深刻，等等。高考考场作文的“文学味”主要体现在两个方面，一是材料内容的文学味，譬如选用文学审美的生活情境、化用文学名著的典型场景、借用文学名家的鲜活实例等；二是表现形式的文学性，譬如仿用文学名著的结构体式、运用文学性强的表现手法等。 　　例如2014年高考北京卷高分作文《我自静默赏绳墨》（节选）： 　　凤凰择木，非梧桐不栖；夕阳余晖，非西天不息；落英缤纷，非黄泉不止。世易时移，然老规矩不移。不知经历过多少个春秋，又不知体验过多少风吹雨打，老规矩从繁盛到衰败，又若凤凰般涅槃重生。终究，老规矩就如古老的歌谣一样渐入人心，抽不掉，拔不得。于静默中赏遍这老北京古老的“绳墨”，于这纷繁芜杂的尘世间寂静，欢喜。 　　……北京的这些老规矩，是文化的深深积淀，不得不让人惊叹。……你见或不见它，老规矩就在那里，不悲不喜；你念或不念它，老规矩就在那里，不来不去；你悟或不悟它，老规矩就在那里，太阳照常升起，去它的领地，或者让我们去寻觅。静默，如我；淡然，若它。 　　文章化用诗词入文，读来令人耳目一新。开头用“凤凰择木，非梧桐不栖；夕阳余晖，非西天不息；落英缤纷，非黄泉不止”巧妙导入，弥漫着古典文学的芳香气息，沁人心脾；结尾套用仓央嘉措《见或不见》的诗意句式“你见或不见它，老规矩就在那里，不悲不喜；你念或不念它，老规矩就在那里，不来不去……”，亦是彰显文学语言的特有内涵，读来妙趣横生。加之以“绳墨”喻规矩，形象生动，切入人心，给人以审美的愉悦享受。 　　考场作文要想具有“文学味”，绝非临考抱佛脚的一招一式能够奏效，这需要写作者日常拥有丰厚的文学作品的阅读积累。俗话说厚积薄发，想要形成较高的文学素养，写作者需要有意识地积累文学的人物、文学的事例、文学的场景、文学的意蕴等等，只有“胸中有丘壑”，方能“源头活水来”，让考场作文颇具“文学”色彩而气质非凡。 　　二、以“文化”出彩，让考场作文内涵丰富 　　如果说“文学味”可提升考场作文的“高度”，则“文化性”可让考场作文具有一定的“宽度”。考场作文以“文化”出彩，可以折射出写作者关注生活面的“广度”，对社会生活积累的“厚度”，以及思考社会现象的“深度”。白居易说“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作”，文章是时代生活的反映，同时也是时代文化的载体。高明的作者，他会有意无意间在文章中呈现时代的生活与文化内涵，以及自己对生活与文化的独到见解，或是对时尚热潮的理性解读，或者是美学哲学的生活理解，或是对民族风俗的演变叹惜，或是对地域变迁的关怀悲切，从而以“文化”的视角，唤醒并引起读者内心深处的情感共鸣。 　　例如2014年高考四川卷高分作文《让世界为我们欢呼》（节选）： 　　人，只有在自己站起来之后，这个世界才能属于他。……是的，在中国的传统中，“奴性”占据了很大的成分。“奴性”来自于奴仆，但又不限于奴仆。这个词，让人眼前浮现出卑躬屈膝的形象。似乎，在封建的中国，除了帝王之外，就没有一个人能随时随地随心所欲地站直了行走，挺直了胸膛做人。哪怕就是在远亲近朋面前，也要拱着手弯腰“揖拜”；在尊长面前更要双膝跪地屈身“叩首”；而在至尊神灵面前，更要五体投地做“稽首”状。就这样，整个民族或低头俯身，或匍匐爬行，一直朝下的眼睛里，只能看到脚下那小小的一圈土地，连抬头看天的时候都没有，怎能看到整个世界？……我没有否定我们民族传统文化中尚“礼”的美德，我要强调的是，要在继承传统的同时，必须剔除其中“奴性”的成分。 　　在这段文字中，作者勇敢地针对中国传统文化中的“奴性”现象，进行形象而深刻的剖析与反省，辩证地提出“在继承传统的同时，必须剔除其中‘奴性’的成分”，可谓视角深邃，语言犀利，触及了国人文化传统的本质心理，因而具有文化的哲思与生活的深度。 　　同样，考场作文的文化含量必然来自写作者日常的广博积累。只有热爱生活、涉猎广泛、有心积累、善于思考的人，才能及时而准确地捕捉到文化的筋脉，并以悲天悯人的情怀将自己的喜怒哀乐寄于文化现象，从而让文章充盈浓郁的文化气息，给人以撼天动地、理性沉思、情思遥寄、心潮澎湃的精神收获。 　　三、以“文言”出彩，让考场作文底蕴深厚 　　考场作文中富有“文言”色彩的句段，或是引用古诗文名句、或是化用古诗词典故、或是枚举古代典籍、或是嵌入古文句段……散落在文章的月下荷塘，恰如碧天里的星星，闪耀着异样的光芒，吸引着读者的眼球。古人云“腹有诗书气自华”，以“文言”出彩的考场作文，往往折射出写作者古诗文积累的深厚底蕴，那些耳熟能详的古典句段，言简意赅而饱含生活情蕴与人生哲理，最能引起阅卷老师发自内心的青睐。哪怕是恰到好处地引上几句课本文言文语句，都会让阅卷老师心生欢喜，总算是没有白教、没有白学而“学以致用”了。因此，考场作文中的“文言”亮点，往往成为显示写作者才气功底的重要依托。 　　例如2014年高考辽宁卷高分作文《传承与发展》（节选）： 　　“烟销日出不见人，欸乃一声山水绿”是一种幽静的美，日出东方、薄雾散去，山水一片葱绿，只有诗人驾着一叶扁舟，在碧绿的河水中慢慢划行。……“古道西风瘦马”是一种凄婉的美，夕阳西下、漫漫古道、疲惫的旅人加上瘦骨嶙峋的马，画面充满孤寂、伤感，不禁让人浮想联翩，生发出淡淡的哀愁和绵绵的思念之情……诗词歌赋中对花的描写：春日有“桃花细逐杨花落，黄鸟时兼白鸟飞”；夏天有“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”；秋天有“花开不并百花丛，独立疏篱趣未穷”；冬日有“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏”。……这些充满诗情画意的情调、意境，让人不禁心驰神往，古代文明为人类美好品质的培养提供了肥沃的土壤。 　　这段文字，无疑引用与化用古诗词是一大亮点，信手拈来的古典名句，充分彰显了作者丰富的文言诗词积累，也恰到好处地突出了文章的主旨，即“古代文明为人类美好品质的培养提供了肥沃的土壤”，读来文句优美意蕴丰富，充满了远古田园的气息，这正是文言诗词的独特魅力。 　　考场作文要做到以“文言”出彩，除依靠多年学习日常积累以外，临考前特意准备一些古诗文名句也会有所奏效，尤其是那些具有普世意义的哲思文句。万一准备的不太适合也不必紧张，可以运用联想的办法，慢慢回忆以前学过的文言课文或古诗词，甚至还可以凭借高考试卷上的古诗文名句默写题帮助回忆，实在记不太准确的情况下，就选择间接引用或诗意化用等办法。当然，平时作文要多有训练，方能于考场临笔心生“以文言出彩”之意识。 　　四、以“文辞”出彩，让考场作文风姿绰约 　　这里说的“以文辞出彩”，实指作文语言之风采。考场作文讲究“文辞”，并非鼓励堆砌华丽词藻，而是在保持个人语言风格之前提下，尽量远离单一的骨架式语言体式，如同亭亭玉立的荷花需要配以舞女裙般的荷叶，方显其精气有神风姿绰约，否则光秃秃的一根荷骨朵未免过于单调而乏味。也就是说，文章语言要切体丰蕴、有血有肉，方能蕴涵深远、意趣多姿，其最好的办法就是要做到句式灵活、修辞多样，既要兼有整句散句长句短句单句复句，也要兼用陈述句反问句肯定句否定句常式句变式句，既要会用比喻拟人借代夸张反复对比衬托排比，又要会用对偶顶针呼告回环仿词拈连引用反语，以及描写手段、情景角度、论证方法、表现技巧、表达方式等等，包括上文所谓文学味、文言味其实也是令“文辞”出彩的重要手段。 　　例如2014年高考湖南卷高分作文《心在哪里，风景就在哪里》（节选）： 　　……有人说，熟悉的地方没有风景。其实不然，不管你是熟悉还是陌生，风景，就在那里，不离不弃，不动不摇。之所以看不到风景，是因为我们的心远离了这片风景。只要心中充满了对生活的热爱，人生处处都是风景。在这个意义上说，风景既在山顶，也在路上，更在心中，心中的风景，千般妩媚，万千婀娜，旖旎怡人，沁人心扉。 　　人生处处有风景，人生处处是风景。每个人有每个人的人生经历，每个人有每个人的视觉与感悟。心存美好，用积极的心态去生活，原来生活中处处充满着幸福，时时存在着快乐，在热爱生活的人眼里，生活无处不是美好，无处不是诗意人生。…… 　　这段文字最大的特点，就是语言表达意蕴丰富，作者通过充满逻辑思辨的优美语言，处处传递着生活的智趣与哲理，如“只要心中充满了对生活的热爱，人生处处都是风景”“风景既在山顶，也在路上，更在心中”“人生处处有风景，人生处处是风景”等，都给人以无限启迪，再加上整句与散句的结合，使之富有节奏和韵律，真正是“旖旎怡人，沁人心扉”。 　　当然，考场作文以“文辞”出彩，绝不是刻意罗列各种语言技巧，而是依据文章主旨和所选材料量体裁衣、信手自然地让语言表达以生动灵活的呈现方式，于自然而然间散发出审美意蕴与生活情趣，是努力达到“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的神妙境界。 　　总之，正如刘勰《文心雕龙·知音》中所说“凡操千曲而后晓声，观千剑而后识器”，考场作文立足于作“文”的角度，有意识地突出“文学”“文化”“文言”“文辞”等特点，自可提升从形式到内容的综合品位，以其气质非凡、内涵丰富、底蕴深厚、风姿绰约而跻身高分作文甚至满分作文的行列。 　　最后，还要特别补充强调的一点是，以上所说“以文出彩”并非考场高分作文的唯一优势，“文”只是着眼于选材、语言、写法等层面呈现文章亮点的一种方式。真正的好文章还应该体现立意高远、结构精巧、材料典型、语言灵动、表达巧妙、情感真挚、思想深邃等优点。好文章通常是综合优势的集中呈现，因而日常作文训练仍不可有所偏废。 　　（刊于《语文知识》2014年第8期） 　　（作者单位：江苏省泗洪中学） 　　编辑：李月昭

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