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1、麻醉学
2、麻醉学科概述
麻醉学是一门运用药物来令病人失去知觉的医学科目，通常用于手术或过程中。 中国在东汉时期就已经对麻醉学问有研究。相传华佗就是第一位采用麻醉技术的医师。他利用麻沸散来减轻接病人的痛觉，然后为病人进行。 现代医学首次运用麻醉技术的记录，在1842年3月30日的美国格鲁吉亚州杰佛逊市。Crawford Williamson Long医生在帮他太太接生的过程中，首次采用了麻醉药。 麻醉学一般根据用药份量而将本科分为局部麻醉学和全身麻醉学两部份。 业务培养目标：本专业培养具有基础医学、临床医学麻醉学等方面的基本理论知识和基本技能，能在医疗卫生单位的麻醉科、急诊科、急救中心、重症监测治疗病房(ICU)、药物依赖戒断及疼痛诊疗等领域从事、急救和复苏、术后监测、生理机能调控等方面工作的医学高级专门人才。 业务培养要求：本专业学生主要学习基础医学、临床医学、麻醉学的基本理论知识及临床医学、麻醉学的基本技术，接受麻醉、急救与生命复苏的基本训练，具有常见手术的麻醉处理、围术期并发症防治以及危重的监测、判断与治疗的基本能力。 主干学科：基础医学、临床医学、麻醉学 主要课程：人体解剖学、生理学、药理学、内科学、外科学、临床麻醉学、急救医学、疼痛诊疗学、麻醉药理学、麻醉设备学、麻醉生理学、麻醉解剖学等 主要实践性教学环节：包括临床见习、毕业实习，一般应安排52周。 毕业生主要去向：在各级医疗机构从事临床麻醉、急救复苏、危急重症监护治疗和疼痛诊疗等工作及在医学院校从事教学和科研等工作，或继续攻读研究生 毕业生能力测试:常见手术的麻醉处理、围术期并发症防治以及危重病症的监测、判断与治疗的基本能力。 毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力： 1．掌握基础医学、临床医学和麻醉学的基本理论、基本知识； 2．掌握临床诊疗工作的辩证思维和分析判断方法； 3．具有对、以及疼痛诊治的初步能力，具有对常见手术麻醉处理、围麻醉期并发症防治和危重病症监测、判断和治疗的基本能力； 4．具有急救和生命复苏的基本能力； 5．熟悉国家卫生工作方针、政策和法规； 6．掌握文献检索、资料查询、计算机应用及统计分析的基本方法，具有一定的科学研究和实际工作能力。 麻醉就是用药物或非药物使病人整个或部分机体暂时失去知觉，以达到无痛目的，多用于手术或某些疼痛的治疗。麻醉学也就是研究消除病人手术疼痛，保证病人安全，为手术创造良好条件的科学。 麻醉学始于对消除手术疼痛方法——麻醉术的寻求。1846年，乙醚麻醉的成功，揭开了近代麻醉学的首页。随着外科手术及麻醉学的发展，麻醉和麻醉学的概念有了更广含义。不仅包含麻醉镇痛，而且涉及麻醉前后相应手术期的准备与治疗，为手术提供良好的条件，为病人安全度过手术提供保障。此外，还承担危重病人的复苏急救、休克救治、疼痛治疗等。麻醉工作者的足迹涉及整个医院和其他场所。现代麻醉学既包含基础医学各学科中有关麻醉的基础理论，又需要广泛临床知识和熟练技术操作。 麻醉的成功与否决定手术能否顺利进行，麻醉科室在任何一家医院都必不可少。如果你怀有治病救人的美好愿望，同时又希望掌握一门真正可使你受用终生的技术，麻醉学是非常合适的选择。试想想，当你，一位合格的麻醉医生，为病人选择了合适的麻醉方法，使他毫无痛苦的度过手术，并在手术结束后看到他安全醒来时；当你与手术医生互相配合把危重病人从死亡线上抢救回来时，当你看到病人和家属眼含泪水的感激目光时，那种激动不仅仅来自所学知识成功运用后的成就感，还来自于自身的存在会造福于他人的自豪感。 麻醉学是一门基础医学与临床医学密切结合的学科。这决定麻醉学专业的学生将接受这两方面的系统教育：在基础医学方面以药理、生理、生物化学、病理生理学和人体解剖学为主；同时也和临床专业的学生一样接受内科学、外科学等学科的教育，此外还有诸如临床麻醉学等与临床相关的麻醉课程，毕业后授予医学学士学位。 虽然麻醉医生是每所医院都必需的高级专业技术人才，但并不是每所医学院校都开设本科麻醉学专业，目前只有徐州医学院、天津医科大学、重庆医科大学等几所学校开设。所以本专业毕业生工作前景非常好，处于求大于供的状态，不仅仅可以去各医院的麻醉科室，还有急诊科、（ICU）、药物依赖戒断所等；又由于大部分的医学院校，如北京大学医学部、上海医科大学（现已并入复旦大学）等都招收麻醉学专业的研究生，继续深造的机会也比较多。 麻醉学专业代码：100302 修业年限：五年 授予学位：医学学士 相近专业：临床医学 【本专业为国家控制布点的专业】 遵义医学院(五年) 昆明医学院(五年) 天津医科大学(五年) 河北医科大学(五年) 辽宁医学院(五年) 延边大学(五年) 哈尔滨医科大学(五年) 牡丹江医学院(五年) 徐州医学院(五年) 福建医科大学(五年) 潍坊医学院(五年) 郧阳医学院(五年) 广西医科大学(五年) 中南大学(五年)华中科技大学（五年） 重庆医科大学(五年) 皖南医学院(五年) 长治医学院(五年) 内蒙古医学院(五年) 安徽医科大学(五年) 新乡医学院(五年) 南华大学(五年) 河北北方学院(五年) 山西医科大学(五年) 南昌大学(五年) 宜春学院(五年) 滨州医学院(五年) 兰州大学(五年) 九江学院医学院(五年)泸州医学院(五年) 广州医学院(五年) 广东医学院(五年) 赣南医学院(五年) 温州医学院（五年）承德医学院（五年） 一、麻醉学科概述 1、 Overview of Anesthesia 1.麻醉学概念 麻醉学在其自身发展过程中，汲取并集中了基础医学、临床医学、生物医学工程以及多种边缘学科中有关麻醉学的基本理论和工程技术，形成了麻醉学自身的理论与技术体系。迄今，麻醉学已发展成为一门研究临床麻醉、生命功能调控、重症监测治疗和疼痛诊疗的学科，是临床医学中重要的二级学科。 1. Anesthesiology concept Anesthesiology, in its own development process, has absorbed and concentrated the basic theories and engineering technologies related to anesthesiology in basic medicine, clinical medicine, biomedical engineering and a variety of marginal disciplines, forming its own theory and technology system. So far, anesthesiology has developed into a discipline that studies clinical anesthesia, life function regulation, severe monitoring and treatment, and pain diagnosis and treatment. It is an important secondary discipline in clinical medicine. 2.麻醉学科 学科是指由认识主体、认识活动和认识结果有机组成的统一体，因此，作为一个学科应当具有相对独立的知识体系。相对稳定的科学领域和相对独立规范的功能单位。麻醉学以其自身特有的理论与技术体系，相对稳定的功能定位与工作任务，以及相对统一的建设与管理规范，成为一个独立的临床学科是顺理成章的、是历史的结晶。在生命科学范畴中，医学是一个门类，临床医学是一级学科，内科学、外科学、麻醉学是二级学科。 2. Anesthesia discipline refers to an organic unity composed of cognitive subject, cognitive activities and cognitive results. Therefore, as a discipline, it should have a relatively independent knowledge system. A relatively stable scientific field and a relatively independent and standardized functional unit. Anesthesiology, with its own unique theoretical and technical system, relatively stable functional orientation and work tasks, and relatively unified construction and management norms, becomes an independent clinical discipline, which is a logical and historical crystallization. In the category of life sciences, medicine is a category, clinical medicine is a first-class discipline, and internal medicine, surgery and anesthesiology are secondary disciplines. 3.核心竞争力 核心竞争力是一种超越同行的实力，这种实力以科技为核心、以资源为根本、以管理为关键，但其中最重要的是人才。医院麻醉科的运行必须坚持以医疗为基础、以科研为先导、以教育为根本的指导思想，要努力形成医、教、研相辅相成、良性循环的发展格局。 3. Core competitiveness Core competitiveness is a strength that surpasses peers. This strength takes science and technology as the core, resources as the root, and management as the key, but the most important one is talent. The operation of the anesthesia department of the hospital must adhere to the guiding ideology of taking medical treatment as the basis, scientific research as the guide, and education as the fundamental. Efforts should be made to form a development pattern in which medicine, education, and research complement each other and have a virtuous circle. 4.麻醉学的发展历程 从追求无痛或镇痛（analgesia）演变到麻醉（anesthesia），从麻醉术发展成为麻醉学（anesthesiology），确是近代的事态。近代麻醉学的发展始于19世纪40年代，综观170余年的发展历史，可将近代麻醉学的发展分为三个互相衔接而又各具特征的重要阶段。 4. The development of anesthesiology has evolved from the pursuit of painless or analgesic to anesthesia, and from anesthesia to anesthesiology, which is indeed a modern state of affairs. The development of modern anesthesiology began in the 1840s. Looking at the development history of more than 170 years, we can divide the development of modern anesthesiology into three important stages that are connected with each other and have their own characteristics. （1）麻醉（anesthesia）或麻醉术（anesthtic technique）：是麻醉学的起步及奠基阶段，它奠定了现代麻醉的方法学基础，积累和丰富了麻醉学的理论内容。 (1) Anesthesia or anesthesia technique: it is the starting and foundation laying stage of anesthesiology, which lays the methodological foundation of modern anesthesia, and accumulates and enriches the theoretical content of anesthesiology. （2）临床麻醉学（clinical anesthesiology）：其特征是：①由于第一阶段理论与技术的积累，使麻醉学初步具有自身的技术与理论体系，这一体系的核心是麻醉技术的实施及患者安全的保障； (2) Clinical anesthesiology: its characteristics are: ① because of the accumulation of theory and technology in the first stage, anesthesiology initially has its own technology and theoretical system. The core of this system is the implementation of anesthesia technology and the guarantee of patient safety; ②由于保障患者安全的需要，麻醉科医师在实施麻醉时除了要为手术的顺利进行提供镇静、无痛、肌松、无不愉快记忆、合理控制应激及其他所必须的条件外，还要监测并早期处理各种围术期并发症，保障患者的术中安全，减少围术期并发症并利于患者术后顺利康复；③因此其工作领域虽主要在术中，但已开始拓展到包括术前与术后的围术期。临床诊治是一个学科从医技科室向临床科室发展的重要标志。由于麻醉学已具备明显的临床诊疗特征，因此麻醉学也就理所当然地成为临床医学的重要组成部分，成为外科学中的一个重要分支学科。 ② In order to ensure the safety of patients, anesthesiologists should not only provide sedation, painless, muscle relaxation, no unpleasant memory, reasonable control of stress and other necessary conditions for the smooth operation, but also monitor and early deal with various perioperative complications to ensure the safety of patients during surgery, reduce perioperative complications and facilitate the smooth recovery of patients after surgery; ③ Therefore, although his work area is mainly in the operation, he has begun to expand to include the preoperative and postoperative perioperative period. Clinical diagnosis and treatment is an important sign of the development of a discipline from a medical technology department to a clinical department. Since anesthesiology has obvious clinical diagnosis and treatment characteristics, it naturally becomes an important part of clinical medicine and an important branch of surgery. （3）麻醉学（anesthesiology）：从20世纪50年代末至今，麻醉学经历了又一次重要的飞跃。其特点是麻醉学在其自身发展中不断地汲取着基础医学、临床医学、生物医学工程以及多种边缘学科中与麻醉学有关的理论与技术，融会贯通地发展形成了麻醉学自身的理论与技术体系，与此相应，其工作领域也从临床麻醉拓展到重症监测治疗与疼痛诊疗，奠定了麻醉学成为围术期医学的重要基础，因此，在临床医学中成为一个与内、外科并立的重要的二级学科。 (3) Anesthesiology: Since the late 1950s, anesthesiology has experienced another important leap. It is characterized by that in its own development, anesthesiology has constantly absorbed the theories and technologies related to anesthesiology from basic medicine, clinical medicine, biomedical engineering and a variety of marginal disciplines, and has developed and formed its own theory and technology system. Accordingly, its work field has also expanded from clinical anesthesia to severe monitoring and treatment and pain diagnosis and treatment, laying an important foundation for anesthesiology to become perioperative medicine, Therefore, in clinical medicine, it has become an important secondary discipline, which stands side by side with internal medicine and surgery. 现今麻醉科医师的任务不仅是为手术顺利进行提供镇静、无痛、肌松及合理控制应激等必须条件，还要对围术期患者生命功能进行监测、调节与控制，维护重要脏器功能，提高危重患者救治医疗质量，确保患者在术后快速顺利康复，更要进行日间手术与各种诊疗的麻醉与镇静以及慢性疼痛诊疗等工作。 Today, the task of anesthesiologists is not only to provide necessary conditions for smooth operation, such as sedation, painlessness, muscle relaxation and reasonable control of stress, but also to monitor, adjust and control the life function of patients during perioperative period, maintain the functions of important organs, improve the quality of medical treatment for critical patients, ensure the rapid and smooth recovery of patients after surgery, and more importantly, carry out anesthesia and sedation for daytime operations and various diagnosis and treatment, as well as chronic pain diagnosis and treatment. 5.麻醉科的组织结构与工作任务 5. Organizational Structure and Tasks of the Anesthesia Department 现代医学教育已向终身医学教育体系发展，即学校基础教育（basic education schools，BE）、毕业后教育（postgraduate education，PGE）和继续医学教育（continuous medical education，CME），这是 3个分阶段又连续统一的教育体系。 Modern medical education has developed into a lifelong medical education system, namely basic education schools (BE), post graduation education (PGE) and continuous medical education (CME), which are three phased and continuous unified education systems. 6，做个优秀的临床医帅人才队伍建设必须坚持以规范化住院医师培训为基础、以主治医师队伍为骨干、以学术带头人（“专家”）为中坚、以学科带头人为关键的指导思想。住院医师规范化培训（“5+3”模式）是培养麻醉科医师的必由之路，是人才队伍建设的重要基础。主治医师必须知识面宽、基础扎实、专业精通，主治医师是学科医疗工作的责任医师，是学科发展后劲之所在。学术带头人即“专家”，“专家”应在资深主治医师的基础上更进一步，指对某一领域有较深造诣的人才。科主任是学科带头人，是领军人才，除业务技术的要求外，必须懂管理，是技术管理兼备型人才。一个优秀的麻醉学人必须从头做起、注重积累。 6. To build an excellent team of clinical doctors, we must adhere to the guiding ideology of taking standardized resident training as the basis, taking the team of attending doctors as the backbone, academic leaders ("experts") as the backbone, and discipline leaders as the key. The standardized training of residents ("5+3" mode) is the only way to train anesthesiologists and an important basis for the construction of talent team. The attending physician must have broad knowledge, solid foundation and professional proficiency. The attending physician is the responsible physician for the medical work of the discipline, and is where the discipline's development potential lies. Academic leaders are "experts". "experts" should go further on the basis of senior attending physicians, referring to talents with deep attainments in a certain field. The section director is the leader of the discipline and the leading talent. In addition to the requirements of business technology, he must understand management and be a talent with both technology and management. An excellent anesthesiologist must start from scratch and pay attention to accumulation. 二、麻醉学科工作内容 2、 Work content of anesthesia discipline 1.麻醉科门诊 要制定麻醉科门诊建设管理规范，完善麻醉科门诊管理的核心制度，合理确定麻醉科门诊的流程，选派知识面宽、有经验的麻醉医师出诊。 1. The out-patient department of the anesthesia department should formulate the management norms for the construction of the out-patient department of the anesthesia department, improve the core system of the out-patient management of the anesthesia department, reasonably determine the process of the out-patient department of the anesthesia department, and select experienced anesthesiologists with broad knowledge to visit. 2.麻醉后监护室（PACU）PACU是麻醉后恢复期对患者进行监护与处理，预防并早期诊治并发症，保障麻醉恢复期患者安全的重要场所。 2. Post anesthesia care unit (PACU) PACU is an important place to monitor and treat patients during post anesthesia recovery period, prevent and diagnose complications early, and ensure the safety of patients during anesthesia recovery period. 3.专科麻醉 要因地制宜，建设专科麻醉，专科麻醉的学术带头人应在精通医疗的基础上，为科研与教学服务，在学术及其管理上作出导向性贡献。 3. Specialized anesthesia should be built according to local conditions. The academic leaders of specialized anesthesia should, on the basis of being proficient in medical treatment, serve scientific research and teaching, and make guiding contributions to the academic and management. 4.疼痛诊疗 麻醉科疼痛诊疗工作应以急性疼痛为基础，因地制宜地开展慢性疼痛，要在研究与临床实践中形成麻醉科自己的疼痛诊疗技术特色。麻醉科是“无痛医院”及“舒适医疗”建设的主导科室。在做好急性疼痛诊疗及无痛、舒适化医疗的基础上，要根据医院的条件有目的地开展慢性疼痛诊疗工作，建立麻醉科疼痛诊疗门诊与病房。 4. Pain diagnosis and treatment The pain diagnosis and treatment work of the anesthesia department should be based on acute pain, develop chronic pain according to local conditions, and form its own pain diagnosis and treatment technology characteristics in research and clinical practice. The anesthesia department is the leading department in the construction of "painless hospital" and "comfortable medical treatment". On the basis of doing a good job in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pain and painless and comfortable medical treatment, we should carry out the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain purposefully according to the conditions of the hospital, and establish pain diagnosis and treatment clinics and wards in the anesthesia department. 5.麻醉学研究室 在麻醉学科研究中，临床研究与基础研究占有同等重要的地位，但两者必须紧密的结合，要以问题为导向，将临床作为麻醉学研究的起点与终点。要树立“临床工作向前一步就是科研”的意识，要在日常诊疗工作中做有心人，注意思考并发现问题，根据拟解决的问题确定课题、进行科研设计，完善记录、积累资料，经统计分析后撰写论文。 5. In the research of anesthesiology, clinical research and basic research occupy the same important position, but they must be closely combined, problem oriented, and clinical research should be the starting point and end point of anesthesiology research. We should establish the awareness that "scientific research is the next step forward in clinical work", be thoughtful in daily diagnosis and treatment work, pay attention to thinking and finding problems, determine topics according to the problems to be solved, carry out scientific research design, improve records, accumulate data, and write papers after statistical analysis. 成功之道：一个优秀的临床医师必须有追求、有思路、有能力、有情商。一个优秀的临床医师要淡泊名利，弘扬“名利是事业的影子”的理念。一个优秀的临床医师必须要“纲举目张”，有清晰的学科建设思路。优秀的临床医师还必须具有谋事与成事的能力，优秀的临床医师还要有较好的情商。 5. In the research of anesthesiology, clinical research and basic research occupy the same important position, but they must be closely combined, problem oriented, and clinical research should be the starting point and end point of anesthesiology research. We should establish the awareness that "scientific research is the next step forward in clinical work", be thoughtful in daily diagnosis and treatment work, pay attention to thinking and finding problems, determine topics according to the problems to be solved, carry out scientific research design, improve records, accumulate data, and write papers after statistical analysis. 1.麻醉学的精髓指的是 A.William Morton公开演示乙醚麻醉成功 B.使患者麻醉与镇痛 C.对生命机能进行监测调节与控制 D.器官移植的麻醉处理 E.首次应用普鲁卡因进行硬膜外阻滞麻醉 1. The essence of anesthesiology refers to A. William Morton publicly demonstrates the success of ether anesthesia B. Anesthesia and analgesia C. Monitor, adjust and control the life function D. Anesthetic management of organ transplantation E. Epidural anesthesia with procaine for the first time 2.下列学科哪一项是麻醉学的重要分支学科（三级学科） A.妇科麻醉 B.体外循环 C.疼痛诊疗 D.PACU E.麻醉科门诊 2. Which of the following disciplines is an important branch of anesthesiology (tertiary discipline) A. Gynecological anesthesia B. Extracorporeal circulation C. Pain diagnosis and treatment D. PACU E. Anesthesia Clinic 3.麻醉科门诊诊疗内容不包括 A.麻醉前检查、评估与准备 B.协助各科进行紧急气管插管 C.对麻醉并发症的随访和诊疗 D.麻醉前会诊或咨询 E.呼吸治疗、药物依赖戒断治疗 3. The outpatient diagnosis and treatment of the anesthesia department does not include A. Examination, evaluation and preparation before anesthesia B. Assist each department in emergency tracheal intubation C. Follow up, diagnosis and treatment of anesthesia complications D. Consultation or consultation before anesthesia E. Respiratory treatment, drug dependence withdrawal treatment 4.下列技术为心内直视手术奠定了基础的是 A.气管内插管 B.低温麻醉 C.支气管麻醉技术 D.控制降压 E.肌肉松弛药 4. The following technologies lay the foundation for open heart surgery A. Endotracheal intubation B. Hypothermic anesthesia C. Bronchial Anesthesia Technique D. Control voltage reduction E. Muscle relaxant 5.PACU 是以下何种名称的缩写 A.加强监护病房 B.麻醉门诊 C.麻醉准备间 D.麻醉后监护室 E.麻醉科 ICU 5. Which of the following abbreviations is PACU A. Intensive care unit B. Anesthesia Clinic C. Anesthesia preparation room D. Post anesthesia care room E. Anesthesia ICU 6.麻醉科疼痛诊疗的工作内容不包括 A.术后止痛 B.围术期急性疼痛诊疗 C.慢性疼痛诊疗 D.无痛医院建设 E.麻醉前评估与准备 6. The work content of pain diagnosis and treatment in the anesthesia department does not include A. Postoperative analgesia B. Perioperative acute pain diagnosis and treatment C. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain D. Construction of painless hospital E. Evaluation and preparation before anesthesia 1.学科：学科是指由认识主体、认识活动和认识结果有机组成的统一体，因此，作为一个学科应当具有相对独立的知识体系。相对稳定的科学领域和相对独立规范的功能单位。 1. Disciplines: Disciplines refer to an organic unity composed of cognitive subjects, cognitive activities and cognitive results. Therefore, as a discipline, it should have a relatively independent knowledge system. A relatively stable scientific field and a relatively independent and standardized functional unit. 2.终生医学教育体系：现代医学教育已向终身医学教育体系发展，即学校基础教育（basic education schools，BE）、毕业后教育（postgraduate education，PGE）和继续医学教育（continuous medical education，CME），这是3个分阶段又连续统一的教育体系。 2. Lifelong medical education system: Modern medical education has developed into a lifelong medical education system, namely basic education schools (BE), post graduation education (PGE) and continuous medical education (CME), which are three phased, continuous and unified education systems. 3.PACU:PACU是麻醉后恢复期对患者进行监护与处理，预防并早期诊治并发症，保障麻醉恢复期患者安全的重要场所。 3. PACU: PACU is an important place for monitoring and treating patients in the recovery period after anesthesia, preventing and early diagnosing and treating complications, and ensuring the safety of patients in the recovery period of anesthesia. 1.麻醉学科的组织结构包括哪些内容？ 1. What does the organizational structure of anesthesiology include? 答：麻醉学科的组织结构包括以下内容： Answer: The organizational structure of anesthesia discipline includes the following contents: 2.临床麻醉有哪些主要工作内容？ 2. What are the main work contents of clinical anesthesia? 答：临床麻醉主要工作内容如下： A: The main work of clinical anesthesia is as follows: 3.麻醉科人才队伍建设的指导思想有哪些？ 3. What are the guiding principles for the construction of the talent team in the anesthesia department? 答：人才队伍建设必须坚持以住院医师规范化培训为基础、以主治医师队伍为骨干、以学术带头人（“专家”）为中坚、以学科带头人为关键的指导思想。 Answer: The construction of talent team must adhere to the guiding ideology of taking standardized training of residents as the basis, taking the team of attending doctors as the backbone, taking academic leaders ("experts") as the backbone, and taking discipline leaders as the key. 选专业时，麻醉学是广大考研朋友们十分关心的问题，以下麻醉学，包含：麻醉学专业研究方向、培养目标、和等，希望对大家有所帮助。 麻醉学专业是麻醉学是一门基础医学与临床医学结合而成的专业，是临床医学的学科之一。 01 神经病理痛的基础研究和临床治疗 02 创伤麻醉 (注：各大院校的研究方向略有不同，以交通大学第六人民医院为例) 通过本专业攻读硕士学位的培养，扩充和深化麻醉学尤其是麻醉基础理论和临床麻醉学方面的知识，以及掌握病理生理、生化、分子生物学等基础医学理论。对麻醉学的研究现状和发展趋势具有系统的了解。具有初步独立从事科研、教学、医疗的能力，熟练掌握一门外国语。完成有一定新见解的学位论文。成为有一定的学术科研水平和身心健康的高层次专门人才。同时，本阶段的培养还要求研究生形成严谨的科学学风、具备高尚的学术道德。 麻醉学专业就业方向 可以在疼痛诊疗等领域从事临床麻醉、急救和复苏、术后监测、生理本专业的能在医疗卫生单位的麻醉科、急诊科、急救中心、重症监测治疗病房(ICU)、药物依赖戒断机能调控等方面的。 麻醉学专业就业前景 1)麻醉学的发展前景很广阔，相对较高。 目前麻醉的从业人员学历偏低，研究生以上学历的不多，所以研究生比较容易。麻醉学由于其专业特点明确、适用性强等特点，其生就业方向较多，一次就业率也较高，随着社会主义市场经济的建立和完善，毕业生的自主就业方式大大增加，使本专业人才有了更广泛的利用。加之国家近年来颁布的各种毕业生就业政策，更使本专业人才就业前景看好。 另外，麻醉师的工资待遇相对较高。 2)另一方面，此专业的学生应该加强提高自己的业务能力和水平，从而提升自己的地位。 目前，许多人对麻醉了解不够，以为麻醉就是把人麻倒，根本看不起麻醉师，除非你在麻醉科实力非常强的医院，否则地位不会太高。另外，如果想进入正规的大型医院也比较困难。所以要想从事此行应该注重提升自己。麻醉学科概述的介绍就聊到这里吧，感谢你花时间阅读本站内容，更多关于麻醉学科概述、麻醉学科概述的信息别忘了在本站进行查找喔。
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原文地址：http://www.wisdombay.com.cn/post/2033.html发布于：2025-11-18
